Reduced pH increases mortality and genotoxicity in an Arctic coastal copepod, Acartia longiremis.

This study investigates DNA damage and mortality in an Arctic marine copepod after long-term exposure to lowered pH. Acartia longiremis were collected from northern Norway and incubated in ambient pH 8.1, and reduced pH 7.6 and 7.2 over 3-4 weeks. Cumulative mortality was significantly elevated in the lowered pH treatments in all exposures. The fluorescence-based fast micromethod for analysis of DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites was modified for use on crustaceous zooplankton. DNA damage initially increased in the lowered pH treatments, decreasing after >14 days, and DNA damage was significantly higher in lowered pH conditions. This method is ideal for investigating oxidative stress and genotoxicity response to low pH in Arctic marine copepods exposed to future ocean acidification conditions.

Clinical Accuracy of 3D-Planned Maxillary Positioning Using CAD/CAM-Generated Splints in Combination With Temporary Mandibular Fixation in Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery.

STUDY DESIGN: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3-dimensional (3D)-planned maxillary positioning by using computer-assisted design (CAD)/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) splints combined with temporary mandibular fixation in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. In orthognathic surgery, customized splints work sufficiently well to transfer preoperative planning into the operation site for transverse und sagittal positioning of the maxilla. The vertical positioning is more difficult due to the non-fixed mandibular reference. Therefore, the combined use of CAD/CAM splints and temporary mandibular fixation to the zygomatic region was applied for transferring the 3D-planned maxillary position into the operation site from 2012 until 2015 in our hospital. OBJECTIVE: In addition to the general accuracy, the precision should therefore be checked especially in the vertical plane compared to axial and sagittal plane. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we calculated the deviation of 5 occlusal landmarks of the maxilla in 35 consecutive patients by fusing preoperative 3D planning images and postoperative computed tomography scans after bimaxillary surgery. RESULTS: The overall median deviation of maxillary positioning between plan and surgical result was 0.99 mm. The accuracy of left-right positioning was median 0.96 mm. Anterior-posterior positioning of the maxilla showed a median accuracy of 0.94 mm. Just slightly higher values were determined for the upward-downward positioning (median 1.06 mm). CONCLUSIONS: This demonstrates the predictability of maxillary positioning by using CAD/CAM splints in combination with temporary mandibular fixation in all 3 axes.

Custom wave-shaped CAD/CAM orbital wall implants for the management of post-enucleation socket syndrome.

The satisfactory management of post-enucleation socket syndrome is a major challenge. In addition to enophthalmos and hypophthalmos, the appearance of the supratarsal fold is frequently unsatisfactory. Using a combination of orbital volume reduction by means of custom wave-shaped CAD/CAM implants (1), the implantation of a dermis-fat graft (2), and the fitting of an acrylic eye prothesis (3), an algorithm has been developed that has led to considerable long-term improvements. 10 patients have already been treated by this method. The most important step is the reduction of orbital volume by means of custom wave-shaped CAD/CAM implants. These move the intraorbital soft tissue in an anterior and cranial direction. This considerably reduces the required volume of additional dermis-fat grafts, which are always subject to resorption. The use of an acrylic eye prothesis facilitates the aesthetic and functional correction of this condition and exerts less pressure on the lower eyelid due to its low weight. The method presented here leads to stable and aesthetically pleasing results with a minimum risk of complications. One problem is the exact predictability of the necessary orbital volume reduction by the custom wave-shaped CAD/CAM implants. Further studies and a larger number of cases are required to address this problem.